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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Preparation of Silicon Nanowire Field-effect Transistor for Chemical and Biosensing Applications
11:25

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Sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using vertically-oriented silicon nanowire array-based biosensor.

Bingtao Gao1,2,3, Anthony A Rojas Chavez4,1, Walla I Malkawi5

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA.

Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research
|March 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A new biosensor using ACE-2 conjugated silicon nanowires detects SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This rapid, sensitive, and selective method offers a promising point-of-care diagnostic tool for COVID-19.

Keywords:
COVID-19Label-free detectionMetal-assisted chemical etching (MACE)Point-of-care deviceSARS-CoV-2Silicon nanowire biosensor

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Infectious Disease Diagnostics

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates rapid, sensitive, and accurate diagnostic tools for SARS-CoV-2.
  • Existing diagnostic methods face challenges in speed, cost-effectiveness, and point-of-care accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel biosensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
  • To leverage angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) conjugated vertically-oriented silicon nanowire (vSiNW) arrays for high-sensitivity detection.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ACE-2 receptor for specific capture of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in vitro.
  • Engineered a biosensor device using ACE-2 conjugated vSiNW arrays with a p-n junction transducer.
  • Analyzed the transduction mechanism involving surface charge depletion of vSiNWs via current-voltage characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated high specificity and affinity of ACE-2 for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
  • Confirmed the biosensor's transduction mechanism relies on spike protein-induced surface charge modulation.
  • Achieved a limit-of-detection of 100 ng/ml (575 pM) for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein concentration.
  • Exhibited highly specific sensor response to spike protein against negative controls.

Conclusions:

  • The ACE-2 conjugated vSiNW biosensor demonstrates high sensitivity and selectivity for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection.
  • The developed biosensor shows potential as a rapid and accurate point-of-care diagnostic tool for COVID-19.
  • This nanotechnology-based approach offers a promising avenue for infectious disease diagnostics.