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Identification of Biomarkers for Preeclampsia Based on Metabolomics
Mengxin Yao1, Yue Xiao1, Zhuoqiao Yang1
1Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
Insights
This review identifies key metabolic biomarkers and pathways linked to preeclampsia (PE). These findings offer potential for early PE diagnosis and a deeper understanding of its complex pathogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Metabolomics
- Biochemistry
- Obstetrics
Background:
- Preeclampsia (PE) poses significant global risks to maternal and neonatal health.
- The underlying causes of PE remain largely unknown, hindering early diagnosis.
- There is a critical need for reliable early diagnostic methods and a better understanding of PE's metabolic mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and summarize potential metabolic biomarkers associated with PE.
- To identify key metabolic pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of PE.
- To explore the utility of these biomarkers and pathways for risk prediction, clinical diagnosis, and understanding PE mechanisms.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review of human metabolomics studies on PE was conducted.
- Literature search performed across PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science (Jan 2000 - Nov 2021).
- Metabolites and biomarkers were systematically examined, and pathway analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst 5.0.
Main Results:
- Forty-one studies were included, identifying consistent metabolites like creatinine, glycine, L-isoleucine, and glucose.
- Key biomarkers with consistent trends included decanoylcarnitine, 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid, and octenoylcarnitine.
- Identified pathways involved amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid metabolism, and translation, linked to renal dysfunction, insulin resistance, inflammation, and impaired nitric oxide production.
Conclusions:
- Several metabolites and metabolic pathways are strongly associated with PE.
- High-frequency differential metabolites show promise as early diagnostic biomarkers for PE.
- Identified metabolic pathways may offer novel insights into the pathogenesis of PE.
Background:
Preeclampsia (PE) is a significant cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of PE is unclear and reliable early diagnostic methods are still lacking. The purpose of this review is to summarize potential metabolic biomarkers and pathways of PE, which might facilitate risk prediction and clinical diagnosis, and obtain a better understanding of specific metabolic mechanisms of PE.
Methods:
This review included human metabolomics studies related to PE in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to November 2021. The reported metabolic biomarkers were systematically examined and compared. Pathway analysis was conducted through the online software MetaboAnalyst 5.0.
Results:
Forty-one human studies were included in this systematic review. Several metabolites, such as creatinine, glycine, L-isoleucine, and glucose and biomarkers with consistent trends (decanoylcarnitine, 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid, and octenoylcarnitine), were frequently reported. In addition, eight amino acid metabolism-related, three carbohydrate metabolism-related, one translation-related and one lipid metabolism-related pathways were identified. These biomarkers and pathways, closely related to renal dysfunction, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorder, activated inflammation, and impaired nitric oxide production, were very likely to contribute to the progression of PE.
Conclusion:
This study summarized several metabolites and metabolic pathways, which may be associated with PE. These high-frequency differential metabolites are promising to be biomarkers of PE for early diagnosis, and the prominent metabolic pathway may provide new insights for the understanding of the pathogenesis of PE.
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