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Updated: Sep 28, 2025

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus
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COVID-19-Associated Encephalitis: Two Case Reports.

Leandro M Marques1, Sofia R Marques1, Octávia Costa1

  • 1Neurology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, PRT.

Cureus
|March 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause neurological issues. This case report details two patients with COVID-19 who developed meningoencephalitis and responded well to corticosteroids.

Keywords:
acute encephalitiscovid 19covid-19 encephalitissars-cov-2sars-cov-2-associated encephalitisviral meningitis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily causes respiratory illness.
  • Neurological manifestations, including headache and anosmia, are increasingly reported in COVID-19 patients.
  • Less common but severe neurological complications like encephalitis and meningitis have been documented.

Observation:

  • Two patients, aged 49 and 50, infected with SARS-CoV-2 presented with altered mental status and behavioral changes.
  • These symptoms suggested a potential diagnosis of acute meningoencephalitis.
  • Both patients exhibited significant clinical improvement following corticosteroid administration.

Findings:

  • The presented cases highlight a link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute meningoencephalitis.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment with corticosteroids were associated with positive patient outcomes.
  • This suggests corticosteroids may be an effective therapeutic option for COVID-19-associated meningoencephalitis.

Implications:

  • These findings underscore the importance of considering neurological complications in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals.
  • Early recognition and management of meningoencephalitis in COVID-19 may improve patient prognosis.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion and the role of corticosteroids in treatment.