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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics01:28

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

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Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

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Thyroid Steal Syndrome Secondary to Active Hyperthyroid State.

Harrison Humphries1, Johnathon Chung1, Reza Pirzadeh1

  • 1Internal Medicine, HCA Houston Healthcare Kingwood/University of Houston College of Medicine, Kingwood, USA.

Cureus
|March 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid steal syndrome (TSS) is a rare condition where thyroid issues divert blood flow from the brain, causing strokes. This case highlights hyperthyroidism as a novel cause of TSS, leading to transient ischemic attacks.

Keywords:
conventional cerebral angiogramct angiogramct head angiogramdigital subtraction angiography(dsa)hyperthyroidismthyroid stealthyroid steal syndrometia

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Thyroid steal syndrome (TSS) is a rare condition causing recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) due to blood flow diversion from cerebral circulation.
  • Potential causes include large thyroid goiter or thyroid hormone derangements.
  • Cerebral blood flow diversion is a critical factor in TSS pathogenesis.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with multiple TIAs initially misdiagnosed as intracranial arterial stenosis via CT angiography (CTA).
  • The patient's history revealed a hyperthyroid state.
  • Diagnostic reassessment linked the TIAs to a hyperthyroid-induced TSS.

Findings:

  • This report details the first case of TSS secondary to hyperthyroidism.
  • It is the second reported instance of TSS linked to any thyroid hormone derangement.
  • Hyperthyroidism can precipitate TSS, mimicking other cerebrovascular conditions.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of considering thyroid dysfunction in unexplained TIAs.
  • Suggests broader screening for thyroid abnormalities in patients with recurrent TIAs.
  • Expands the known etiologies of thyroid-related cerebrovascular events.