A unified technique for entropy enhancement based diabetic retinopathy detection using hybrid neural network

In this paper, a unified technique for entropy enhancement-based diabetic retinopathy detection using a hybrid neural network is proposed for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy. Medical images play crucial roles in the diagnosis, but two images representing two different stages of a disease look alike. It, consequently, make the process of diagnosis extraneous and error-prone. Therefore, in this paper, a technique is proposed to address these issues. Firstly, a novel entropy enhancement technique is devised exploiting the discrete wavelet transforms to improve the visibility of the medical images by making the subtle features more prominent. Later, we designed a computationally efficient hybrid neural network that efficiently classifies diabetic retinopathy images. To examine the effectiveness of our technique, we have chosen three datasets: Ultra-Wide Filed (UWF) dataset, Asia Pacific Tele Ophthalmology Society (APTOS) dataset, and MESSIDOR-2 dataset. In the end, we performed extensive experiments to validate the performance of our technique. In addition, the comparison of the proposed scheme - in terms of accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, precision and recall curve, and area under the curve - with some of the best contemporary schemes shows the significant improvement of our techniques in terms of diabetic retinopathy classification.