Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

4.9K
A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
4.9K
Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

1.8K
The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
1.8K
Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

2.8K
Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
2.8K
Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

2.9K
The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
2.9K
Mechanism of Filopodia Formation01:39

Mechanism of Filopodia Formation

2.5K
Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
2.5K
Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

Cell Motility through Blebbing

2.1K
Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Proteomic composition and mutual assembly of the C2a projection in vertebrate motile cilia.

eLife·2026
Same author

Does early surgical intervention for type II dens fractures improve survival in octogenarians? A propensity-matched analysis.

British journal of neurosurgery·2026
Same author

Molecular Recognition Mechanism of Key VOCs by Odorant-Binding Proteins in the Western Corn Rootworm (<i>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</i>).

Insects·2026
Same author

Microtubule-associated CCDC112 is essential for spermiogenesis and male fertility in mice.

Journal of molecular cell biology·2026
Same author

RGS22 is a metazoa-specific radial spoke component required for coordinated ciliary beating.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

USP21-mediated deubiquitylation stimulates NuMA recruitment to the cell cortex to promote mitotic spindle orientation.

Cell death and differentiation·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

2D and 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Dissect Primary Cilium Involvement during Neocortical Development
14:19

2D and 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Dissect Primary Cilium Involvement during Neocortical Development

Published on: March 25, 2022

4.1K

Ciliogenesis membrane dynamics and organization.

Huijie Zhao1, Ziam Khan1, Christopher J Westlake1

  • 1Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental, Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|March 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Cilia are tiny structures on cell surfaces that help with movement and signaling. The process of making cilia, called ciliogenesis, is complex and involves the assembly of a structure called an axoneme at the end of a centriole. The ciliary membrane then forms around this structure. Membrane trafficking, which is the movement of materials within cells, plays a key role in this process. However, the way membranes organize around microtubules during ciliogenesis is unique. Studies in different cell types suggest that there may not be a single mechanism for starting cilia formation. This review summarizes recent findings on how ciliogenesis works and the role of membrane trafficking in this process. The authors also highlight the relevance of these findings to human disease.

Keywords:
AutophagyCiliogenesisCiliopathyMembrane traffickingcentrioleciliaCiliary membraneCentriole assemblyCell signalingMembrane biogenesis

Frequently Asked Questions

More Related Videos

The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analy
12:15

The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analy

Published on: October 3, 2017

13.6K
Reconstitution of Septin Assembly at Membranes to Study Biophysical Properties and Functions
06:32

Reconstitution of Septin Assembly at Membranes to Study Biophysical Properties and Functions

Published on: July 28, 2022

2.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 28, 2025

2D and 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Dissect Primary Cilium Involvement during Neocortical Development
14:19

2D and 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Dissect Primary Cilium Involvement during Neocortical Development

Published on: March 25, 2022

4.1K
The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analy
12:15

The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analy

Published on: October 3, 2017

13.6K
Reconstitution of Septin Assembly at Membranes to Study Biophysical Properties and Functions
06:32

Reconstitution of Septin Assembly at Membranes to Study Biophysical Properties and Functions

Published on: July 28, 2022

2.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Membrane trafficking
  • Ciliogenesis

Background:

Cilia and flagella are vital cell surface structures involved in motility and signaling. Their formation, known as ciliogenesis, is a multistep process. Prior research has shown that cilia are assembled at centriole ends through axoneme formation. The ciliary membrane then surrounds this structure. Membrane trafficking regulators are known to be involved in organelle biogenesis. However, ciliogenesis presents a unique challenge due to the microtubule-based organization of membranes. No prior work had resolved whether a single mechanism initiates cilia in all cell types. This uncertainty drove the need for a synthesis of current knowledge on ciliogenesis.

Purpose Of The Study:

This review aims to summarize recent findings on ciliogenesis and membrane trafficking. The study addresses the lack of a unified mechanism for initiating cilia assembly. The focus is on how membranes organize around microtubules during this process. The goal is to clarify the roles of trafficking regulators in ciliogenesis. The authors propose that multiple pathways may be involved in different cell types. The review also highlights the relevance of these mechanisms to human disease. The motivation stems from the complexity of ciliary membrane dynamics. The study seeks to integrate findings from diverse experimental models.

Main Methods:

The authors conducted a literature review to synthesize current understanding of ciliogenesis. They analyzed studies on membrane trafficking in ciliary assembly. The review approach included examining mechanisms across different cell types. The focus was on how membranes associate with centriole ends. The authors compared findings from various experimental models. They identified commonalities and differences in ciliogenesis pathways. The synthesis emphasized the role of trafficking regulators in membrane organization. The review approach aimed to clarify the diversity of ciliogenesis mechanisms.

Main Results:

Membrane association with centriole ends is a critical step in ciliogenesis. The axoneme forms at the distal end of the centriole, surrounded by the ciliary membrane. Membrane trafficking regulators are essential for this process. The review found that different cell types may use distinct ciliogenesis mechanisms. The ciliary membrane is organized around microtubule-based structures. Regulators of membrane trafficking play unique roles in this context. The study highlights the lack of a singular mechanism for cilium initiation. The findings suggest that ciliogenesis is more complex than previously thought.

Conclusions:

The review concludes that ciliogenesis involves diverse mechanisms across cell types. Membrane trafficking regulators are essential for organizing the ciliary membrane. The process is unique due to the microtubule-based membrane organization. The authors suggest that no single mechanism initiates cilia in all cells. The findings have implications for understanding human disease. The study emphasizes the need for further research on ciliogenesis pathways. The synthesis supports the idea that multiple regulatory pathways exist. The authors propose that future work should explore these mechanisms in detail.

Membrane trafficking regulators are essential for organizing the ciliary membrane around microtubules.

The ciliary membrane forms around the axoneme at the distal end of the centriole.

Membrane association with the centriole end is a critical initiating step for cilia assembly.

Microtubules provide a scaffold for organizing the ciliary membrane during assembly.

Studies suggest that different cell types may use distinct ciliogenesis mechanisms.

The authors propose that understanding ciliogenesis may provide insights into human disease mechanisms.