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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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When acids come into contact with concrete, they initiate a chemical reaction that dissolves the hydrated cement paste. This process leads to softening and structural weakening of the concrete. This issue is commonly observed in environments such as chimneys, sewers, and industrial settings. The severity of the damage increases as the pH of the water interacting with the concrete drops below 6.5. In particular, a pH under 4.5 can cause significant concrete damage.
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VALOR-CKD: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating Veverimer in Slowing Progression of CKD in Patients with Metabolic Acidosis.

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Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Evaluation of Amino Acid Consumption in Cultured Bone Cells and Isolated Bone Shafts
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Effects of acid on bone.

David A Bushinsky1, Nancy S Krieger1

  • 1Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA.

Kidney International
|March 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Metabolic acidosis, a condition lowering systemic pH, causes bone to buffer acid, leading to mineral loss and reduced bone quality. This impacts bone health through mineral dissolution and altered bone cell activity.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Systemic pH homeostasis is vital for mammalian survival.
  • Metabolic acidosis, characterized by decreased serum bicarbonate, poses a significant health risk.
  • The skeleton plays a role in buffering acid during metabolic acidosis, but at the cost of bone mineral content and quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of metabolic acidosis on bone mineral content and quality.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which bone responds to both acute and chronic metabolic acidosis.
  • To understand the net effect of metabolic acidosis on body calcium balance.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling acute and chronic metabolic acidosis in short-term and long-term studies.
  • Analyzing physicochemical bone mineral dissolution and ion exchange.
Keywords:
bonecalciummineral metabolism

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  • Evaluating changes in osteoblast and osteoclast activity.
  • Assessing urinary calcium excretion and intestinal calcium absorption.

    • Main Results:

    • Acute metabolic acidosis involves physicochemical bone mineral dissolution, releasing buffers and altering ion balance.
    • Chronic metabolic acidosis additionally leads to inhibited osteoblast activity and increased osteoclast activity.
    • These bone responses, coupled with increased urinary calcium excretion and unchanged intestinal absorption, result in net body calcium loss primarily from bone mineral stores.

    Conclusions:

    • Bone serves as a critical buffer during metabolic acidosis, but this comes at the expense of its mineral integrity.
    • Both physicochemical and cellular mechanisms contribute to bone degradation and calcium loss under acidosis.
    • Understanding these bone responses is crucial for managing metabolic acidosis complications, particularly in conditions like chronic kidney disease.