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Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...

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Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Published on: August 15, 2018

Repeatable and deterministic all electrical switching in a mixed phase artificial multiferroic.

W Griggs¹, T Thomson²

¹NEST Research Group, The Department of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. William.griggs@manchester.ac.uk.

Scientific Reports

|March 30, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We show all-electric magnetic switching in PMN-PT/FeRh thin films. Strain remanence in the PMN-PT substrate limits the magnetoelectric coupling, reducing the switching effect compared to expectations.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Artificial multiferroics offer pathways to control magnetic properties using electric fields.
FeRh thin films exhibit thermally driven magnetic phase transitions.
Lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate (PMN-PT) is a ferroelectric material with significant piezoelectric properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate and investigate the all-electric magnetic switching behavior in PMN-PT/FeRh thin film heterostructures.
To understand the factors limiting the magnetoelectric coupling and the magnitude of the observed switching effect.
To explore the influence of the PMN-PT substrate's crystallographic phase and strain on magnetic switching.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of PMN-PT/FeRh thin film heterostructures.
Characterization of magnetic properties using techniques such as vibrating sample magnetometry.
Analysis of structural and phase transitions using temperature-dependent measurements.
Investigation of strain effects in the PMN-PT substrate.

Main Results:

Demonstrated repeatable all-electric magnetic switching in the PMN-PT/FeRh system.
Observed a smaller switching effect than predicted by conventional thermomagnetic switching models.
Identified the crystallographic phase of PMN-PT and its phase transition around 100°C as critical factors influencing magnetoelectric coupling.
Found significant strain remanence in the PMN-PT substrate, which hinders magnetoelectric coupling during repeated electric field cycling.

Conclusions:

The crystallographic phase of the PMN-PT substrate plays a crucial role in the magnetoelectric coupling of FeRh thin films.
Strain remanence in the PMN-PT substrate limits the efficiency of electric-field-induced magnetic switching.
Further optimization of the PMN-PT substrate and interface engineering is necessary to enhance magnetoelectric effects in such artificial multiferroics.