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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Retinal Detachment Model in Rodents by Subretinal Injection of Sodium Hyaluronate

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Published on: September 11, 2013

Birdshot Chorioretinopathy: Resistant versus Responsive.

Arash Maleki^1,2, Sydney Look-Why^1,2, Ambika Manhapra^1,2

¹Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA.

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation

|March 30, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Macular and optic nerve head leakage may indicate resistant birdshot chorioretinopathy. Early detection of these factors can help predict treatment outcomes in patients with this condition.

Keywords:

BSCR Biologic response modifier birdshot chorioretinopathy corticosteroid electroretinography fluorescein angiography immunomodulatory therapy indocyanine green angiography retinal vasculitis short wavelength automated perimetry visual field

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Retinal Diseases
Immunosuppressive Therapy

Background:

Birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR) is a rare, chronic inflammatory disease affecting the retina and choroid.
Heterogeneity in treatment response necessitates identifying predictive factors for resistant cases.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate clinical and paraclinical findings that differentiate between responsive and resistant forms of birdshot chorioretinopathy.
To identify early indicators of treatment resistance in BSCR patients.

Main Methods:

Retrospective observational case series comparing "Responsive" and "Resistant" BSCR patient groups.
Multivariate analysis of paraclinical variables including visual field indices and angiographic leakage patterns.

Main Results:

At initial presentation, significant differences between groups included mean deviation, pattern standard deviation, optic nerve head leakage, large vessel leakage/staining, and macular small vessel leakage.
Prior to successful therapy, only macular small vessel leakage remained a significant differentiator.

Conclusions:

Macular small vessel leakage and optic nerve head leakage at the earliest visit are potential risk factors for developing resistant birdshot chorioretinopathy.
These findings may aid in predicting treatment response and guiding therapeutic strategies for BSCR.