Adverse Neonatal Outcomes and Associated Risk Factors: A Case-Control Study

Area of Science:

• Neonatal Health
• Perinatal Medicine
• Public Health

Background:

• Adverse neonatal outcomes significantly impact infant survival and long-term health.
• Identifying risk factors is crucial for improving neonatal care and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify adverse neonatal outcomes.
• To determine associated risk factors for adverse neonatal outcomes.

Main Methods:

• An institutional-based unmatched case-control study involving 206 neonates.
• Data collected from mothers and medical records, analyzed using logistic regression.
• Descriptive statistics summarized using frequencies, means, and percentages.

Main Results:

• Major adverse neonatal outcomes included low birth weight (61.5%), preterm birth (57.7%), and low Apgar score (53.9%).
• Risk factors identified: rural residence (AOR=5.992), low income (AOR=4.364), middle income (AOR=4.364), and emergency cesarean section (AOR=9.969).

Conclusions:

• Identified adverse neonatal outcomes and risk factors pose significant threats to newborn health.
• Strengthened antenatal care and improved healthcare access are vital for neonatal health and survival.