The war years at the Aeromedical Lab: Wright Field (1941-46)

Area of Science:

• Aerospace Medicine
• Human Factors Engineering
• Physiology

Background:

• The Aeromedical Laboratory (AML) experienced significant expansion from 1941 to 1945.
• Its growth transformed it from a small unit into a fully operational research facility.
• The narrative covers the leadership transitions during this period, including Chiefs Otis O. Benson, William Randolph Lovelace, and Lloyd E. Griffis.

Observation:

• Key wartime projects included the development of advanced breathing oxygen equipment for extreme altitudes (above 50,000 ft).
• Evaluations of insulative and heated flying clothing were conducted for confined cockpit spaces and specific aircraft like the B-17 gun turrets.
• Development and testing of anti-G suits for high-performance fighter aircraft were critical.
• The study highlights the application of anthropometry in designing aircraft cockpits and personal equipment.
• Research included human tolerance to explosive decompression, with tests in B-29 bombers and P-80 series fighters, alongside flight tests in the Lockheed Constellation and Boeing C-97.

Findings:

• AML successfully developed and produced vital life support and protective equipment for aircrews.
• The laboratory's research directly contributed to enhancing pilot capabilities and safety in demanding wartime aviation conditions.
• Anthropometric data proved essential for optimizing the design of aircraft interiors and crew interfaces.

Implications:

• The wartime advancements at AML laid the foundation for modern aerospace medicine and human factors research.
• The developed technologies significantly improved aircrew survivability and operational effectiveness.
• This historical account underscores the critical role of dedicated research in advancing aviation capabilities and understanding human physiological limits.