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Neurotherapeutics for ADHD: Do they work?

Katya Rubia1

  • 1Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry/PO46, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK.

Psych Journal
|March 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurotherapeutics show limited promise for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) due to small, inconsistent studies. Future research needs larger samples and standardized protocols for effective ADHD treatment.

Keywords:
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)brain stimulationfMRI-neurofeedbackfunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-neurofeedbacktranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is extensively studied using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Consistent, though small, differences are observed in brain structure and function in individuals with ADHD compared to controls.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of neurotherapeutics for ADHD.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of neurofeedback and non-invasive brain stimulation for ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuroimaging research (MRI, EEG, fNIRS) in ADHD.
  • Analysis of studies employing neurofeedback and non-invasive brain stimulation (e.g., rTMS, tDCS).

Main Results:

  • Neurotherapeutics targeting ADHD-related functional deficits show inconsistent findings.
  • Most studies are small, heterogeneous, and often focus on cognitive function rather than clinical symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Current neurotherapeutic approaches for ADHD have yielded unpromising results.
  • Future research requires large-scale, standardized studies to identify optimal protocols and predict treatment response for individualized ADHD care.