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Clinico-Etiological Factors, Neuroimaging Characteristics and Outcome in Pediatric Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis

Leema P Cornelius1, Neeraj Elango1, Venkateswaran Kuttava Jeyaram1

  • 1Department of Paediatric Neurology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology
|April 1, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in children is often linked to head and neck infections. While mortality is low, this condition frequently leads to significant long-term health issues in pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Thrombotic Disorders

Background:

  • Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare but increasingly recognized condition in children, aided by advancements in neuroimaging.
  • Understanding the clinical, etiological, and imaging features of pediatric CVST is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical, etiological, and imaging characteristics of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in children.
  • To evaluate the outcomes of pediatric patients diagnosed with CVST.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective chart review was conducted on pediatric patients diagnosed with CVST.
  • Data were collected from January 2011 to December 2020 at a tertiary hospital.

Main Results:

  • The study included 35 children (74.3% male, mean age 5.03 years). Common symptoms included seizures (51.4%), headache (48.6%), fever (45.7%), and vomiting (42.9%).
  • The superior sagittal sinus was the most frequent site of thrombosis (57%), with half of patients experiencing multiple sinus involvement. Head and neck infections were the leading risk factor (42.9%).
  • Mortality was 5.7% (2 children), and one-third of the cohort experienced poor outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Head and neck infections remain a primary cause of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in the pediatric population.
  • Despite low mortality rates, CVST is associated with substantial morbidity in children, highlighting the need for prompt diagnosis and management.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosischildrenneuroimaging findingsoutcome

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