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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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Reason and Intuition01:37

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Cognitive Learning01:21

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
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Decision Making as a Learned Skill in Mice and Humans.

Michael I Posner1,2, Aldis P Weible1, Pascale Voelker2

  • 1Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|April 1, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two brain pathways connect attention networks to the hippocampus, crucial for learning. This review explores their roles and methods to study their function in skill acquisition.

Keywords:
decisionexecutive attention networkhippocampusneuromodulationoptogeneticsorienting network

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Learning and Memory

Background:

  • Attention is fundamental to learning and memory processes.
  • Distinct attentional networks (executive and orienting) interact with the hippocampus during skill acquisition.
  • Neural pathways link the anterior cingulate cortex (executive) via the thalamus and parietal cortex (orienting) via the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review predictions regarding the functional roles of two distinct pathways connecting cortical attention networks to the hippocampus.
  • To discuss methods for manipulating these pathways and assessing their directional influence on hippocampal function.
  • To explore how these pathways contribute to skill learning.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing neuroscientific literature on attention-hippocampal interactions.
  • Discussion of potential experimental approaches using viral expression techniques in mice.
  • Proposal for testing a behavioral model of pathway interaction.

Main Results:

  • Identification of two primary pathways: anterior cingulate cortex-thalamus-hippocampus and parietal cortex-entorhinal cortex-hippocampus.
  • Specific predictions regarding the distinct functional contributions of each pathway to learning.
  • Methodological considerations for future research, including viral tracing and behavioral assays.

Conclusions:

  • The two identified pathways likely play specialized roles in mediating the influence of executive and orienting attention on hippocampal memory function.
  • Future research using advanced techniques can elucidate the precise mechanisms and directionality of these connections.
  • Understanding these pathways is key to a comprehensive model of attention-hippocampal interactions in skill learning.