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Evolution of the major histocompatibility complex.

J Klein, F Figueroa

    Critical Reviews in Immunology
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are crucial for immune recognition across vertebrates. This review explores MHC genetic organization, evolution, and the selection pressures shaping its diversity.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunogenetics
    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) comprises linked genes essential for T-lymphocyte antigen recognition.
    • MHC molecules are classified into Class I (for cytotoxic T-lymphocytes) and Class II (for helper/regulatory T-cells).
    • MHC is conserved in mammals and likely all vertebrates, with varying degrees of polymorphism across its loci.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize the genetic organization of the MHC in diverse species.
    • To discuss evolutionary pressures acting on individual MHC loci.
    • To elucidate the tempo and mechanisms of MHC evolution.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on MHC genetic organization.
    • Comparative analysis of MHC loci across different species.

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  • Discussion of evolutionary theories and selection pressures.

    • Main Results:

    • MHC genetic organization exhibits variations across species.
    • Polymorphism levels differ significantly among MHC loci.
    • Selection pressures vary, influencing the evolutionary dynamics of MHC.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding MHC organization and evolution is key to comprehending vertebrate immunity.
    • Comparative genomics and evolutionary analyses reveal conserved and divergent patterns.
    • Ongoing research continues to refine our knowledge of MHC's role in host-pathogen interactions.