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Multiple Primary Cancers in the United States.

Baozhen Qiao, Mei-Chin Hsieh, Xiao-Cheng Wu

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    |April 1, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    Multiple primary cancers are common in the US, affecting 19% of cases and increasing over time. These cancers are often diagnosed at an earlier, local stage, particularly in older, non-Hispanic White individuals.

    Keywords:
    Cancer in North America (CiNA) datacancer registriescancers in the United Statesmultiple primary cancers

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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Oncology
    • Cancer Registries

    Background:

    • Previous studies using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program data described multiple primary cancers.
    • A comprehensive understanding of multiple primary cancer distribution in the U.S. was lacking.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a comprehensive description of the distribution of multiple primary cancers in the United States.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of invasive cancer cases (2001-2016) from 49 U.S. population-based cancer registries.
    • Tumor sequence numbers used to classify first primary vs. multiple primary cancers.
    • Calculated percentages by sex, age, race/ethnicity, cancer site, registry, and diagnosis year; compared local stage diagnosis rates.

    Main Results:

    • Approximately 19.0% of all cancer cases were multiple primary cancers.
    • Higher prevalence observed in non-Hispanic Whites and older individuals.
    • Bladder, skin melanoma, and lung cancers showed the highest proportion of multiple primaries; increasing trend over time.
    • Multiple primary cancers were more likely diagnosed at a local stage compared to first primary cancers.

    Conclusions:

    • Multiple primary cancers are prevalent in the U.S., with an increasing incidence.
    • Significant variations exist across demographics, cancer types, and geographic registries.
    • Findings offer practical insights for cancer data collection and research on multiple primary cancers.