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Related Concept Videos

Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

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The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
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COP Coated Vesicles00:59

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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Updated: Sep 28, 2025

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Shaping subcellular tubes through vesicle trafficking: Common and distinct pathways.

R Pradhan1, V A Urbieta-Ortiz2, S Kumar1

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.

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|April 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Cellular membrane trafficking pathways are essential for forming tiny, junctionless subcellular tubes in animals. These insights from invertebrate models inform our understanding of human vasculature and angiogenesis.

Keywords:
AngiogenesisC. elegansDrosophilaMembrane traffickingMorphogenesisPolaritySubcellular tubesTubulogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Cells can form miniature, membrane-bound tubes (subcellular lumens) crucial for organ function.
  • Unlike other tubes, these junctionless structures present unique cellular organization challenges.
  • Membrane dynamics, including delivery and recycling, are vital for cellular flexibility in tube formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how membrane trafficking pathways influence subcellular tube and branching morphogenesis.
  • To highlight insights from invertebrate models (Drosophila tracheal terminal cells and C. elegans excretory cell).
  • To connect findings to vertebrate vasculature and angiogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent in vivo data from invertebrate models.
  • Analysis of membrane trafficking and cellular growth mechanisms.
  • Comparative study with vertebrate angiogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Membrane dynamics are critical for cellular adaptation during subcellular tube formation.
  • Trafficking pathways significantly impact tube and branching morphogenesis.
  • Invertebrate models provide key insights into fundamental cellular processes.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding membrane trafficking in model organisms is crucial for comprehending subcellular tube formation.
  • These findings have implications for human health, particularly in vascular development.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand subcellular tubes in vertebrate angiogenesis.