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Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

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Using Inactivated Polio Vaccine Vaccination Campaign Coverage Insights to Strengthen Nepal's Immunization Programme.

B Chawla¹, B K Lal², R Pradhan¹

¹Immunization Preventable Diseases, World Health Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Kathmandu University Medical Journal (KUMJ)

|June 19, 2026

Summary

Nepal

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Vaccinology
Epidemiology

Background:

Nepal's National Immunization Programme (NIP) integrated Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) in 2014.
A global IPV shortage (2016-2018) left 1.46 million children unvaccinated, creating a Type-2 poliovirus immunity gap.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the coverage and equity of Nepal's national IPV catch-up campaign (May 26-June 8, 2024).
To identify areas for improvement in vaccine delivery and equity.

Main Methods:

Analysis of administrative data from all 77 districts in Nepal.
Data stratified by province, district, and ecological zone to assess campaign performance.

Main Results:

The campaign achieved 95.9% national coverage, exceeding targets in Madhesh (111.6%) and Karnali (110.7%).
Significant district-level disparities observed, with coverage ranging from 45.2% (Bagmati) to 124.7% (Koshi).
Factors influencing disparities include terrain, cold chain capacity, population mobility, and urban-rural inequities.

Conclusions:

Nepal's IPV campaign largely closed the immunity gap but revealed subnational disparities.
Strengthening cold chain, improving data-driven microplanning, and targeted outreach are crucial for equity and sustaining polio-free status.