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Updated: Sep 28, 2025
Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants
Published on: March 6, 2018
Bis-diamine administration during pregnancy induces developmental and reproductive toxicities in rats
Jinsoo Lee1, Ji-Seong Jeong1, Sang Yun Kim1
1Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea.
Background:
Bis-diamine was developed as amebicidal and male contraceptive agents; however, it is also reported to induce characteristic congenital heart defects especially in the cardiac conotruncal area of rats. Because of its characteristic congenital heart defects, bis-diamine-induced animal models can be used for studying congenital heart defects. However, comprehensive toxicological information regarding bis-diamine-induced congenital heart defects in this animal model is not available.
Methods:
In this study, we investigated and characterized an animal model for bis-diamine-induced congenital heart defects. A single dose of 200-mg bis-diamine was administered by oral gavage to pregnant rats on gestation day 10, and then observed the representative toxicological endpoints for general systemic health of pregnant rats, embryo-fetal development, and parturition.
Results:
Characteristic congenital heart defects and other birth defects similar to DiGeorge syndrome were observed in bis-diamine-administered pregnant rats. In addition, developmental and reproductive toxicity findings, including increased postimplantation loss, decreased fetal weight, increased perinatal death, and increased gestation period, were observed in bis-diamine-administered pregnant rats. In particular, these developmental and reproductive toxicities were observed without maternal toxicity findings.
Conclusion:
These results will be useful to use this animal model for further studies in congenital heart defects, cardiovascular defects, and understanding their mechanisms.
