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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

An Analytical Tool-box for Comprehensive Biochemical, Structural and Transcriptome Evaluation of Oral Biofilms Mediated by Mutans Streptococci
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Streptococcus mutans Gene Expression and Functional Profile in Root Caries: An RNA-Seq Study.

Heitor Sales de Barros Santos1, Thuy Do2, Clarissa Cavalcanti Fatturi Parolo1

  • 1Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Caries Research
|April 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study explored Streptococcus mutans gene expression in healthy and carious root biofilms. While few genes differed, carious lesions showed enriched functions in sugar metabolism and acid tolerance, suggesting a unique signature for S. mutans in root caries.

Keywords:
BiofilmsMicrobiologyRNA-seqRoot cariesStreptococcus mutans

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Oral Health
  • Genomics and Transcriptomics
  • Biofilm Research

Background:

  • Limited understanding of Streptococcus mutans gene expression in complex root biofilms.
  • Need to identify functional signatures associated with the transition from healthy to carious root surfaces.
  • Streptococcus mutans plays a key role in dental caries development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate Streptococcus mutans gene expression and functional profiles in biofilms from sound root surfaces (SRS) and carious root surfaces (RC).
  • Identify enriched functional signatures potentially linked to the healthy-to-disease transition process in root caries.
  • Compare metatranscriptomic data between SRS and RC biofilms.

Main Methods:

  • Extraction of total RNA from SRS (n=10) and RC (n=9) biofilms.
  • Paired-end sequencing using Illumina HiSeq2500 to obtain S. mutans UA159 gene expression data.
  • Differential gene expression analysis using DESeq2 and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA).

Main Results:

  • Seventeen differentially expressed genes (DEG) identified between SRS and RC.
  • Three DEG overexpressed in RC (membrane protein, alanyl-tRNA synthetase, GTP-binding protein); remaining DEG overexpressed in SRS.
  • WGCNA identified key functional modules with 139 hub genes in SRS and 17 in RC.
  • Similar overall gene expression patterns but greater functional abundance in RC samples.
  • Enriched functions in RC biofilms include sugar metabolism, cell-wall biosynthesis, and acid tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • A distinct functional signature for Streptococcus mutans may be associated with carious root lesions.
  • Enriched metabolic and stress-tolerance pathways in carious lesions provide ecological advantages to S. mutans.
  • Further research into these functional signatures could inform strategies for preventing and treating root caries.