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Site-selective reactions mediated by molecular containers.

Rui Wang1, Yang Yu1

  • 1Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China.

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|April 4, 2022
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Molecular containers enable site-selective chemical reactions, altering product distributions compared to reactions in free solution. This review covers various reactions and container types, highlighting selectivity driven by confined environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Molecular containers offer unique microenvironments for chemical transformations.
  • Site-selectivity is crucial for efficient and controlled synthesis.
  • Understanding host-guest interactions guides reaction outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review site-selective reactions mediated by molecular containers.
  • To highlight reactions with altered product distributions inside containers versus solution.
  • To discuss the role of container shape and environment in selectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Summarization of literature on site-selective reactions within molecular containers.
  • Analysis of various reaction types including cycloadditions, reductions, oxidations, and substitutions.
  • Categorization of molecular containers (supramolecular and covalent).

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated site-selectivity in reactions like arene additions, epoxide reductions, and C-H oxidations.
  • Observed altered product distributions due to the confined space within containers.
  • Identified supramolecular assemblies and covalent structures (e.g., cyclodextrins) as effective containers.

Conclusions:

  • The spatial confinement and internal environment of molecular containers dictate reaction selectivity.
  • Molecular containers provide a powerful platform for developing novel site-selective synthetic methodologies.
  • Future research should focus on expanding the scope and applications of container-mediated reactions.