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Carmine allergy in urticaria patients
Beata Sadowska1, Marlena Sztormowska1, Marika Gawinowska1
1Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii
|April 4, 2022
Summary
Carmine allergy is often overlooked and can cause reactions in patients with chronic inducible urticaria. Skin tests and IgE measurements can help diagnose hypersensitivity to this common food additive.
Area of Science:
- Food allergy and immunology
- Dermatology
- Clinical toxicology
Background:
- Carmine (E120), a natural red dye, is widely used in food and cosmetics.
- Allergic reactions to carmine are frequently underestimated and misdiagnosed.
- Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions can occur.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence and clinical significance of carmine allergy.
- To evaluate carmine allergy in patients with urticaria and suspected food additive hypersensitivity.
- To assess diagnostic tools for carmine hypersensitivity.
Main Methods:
- 110 patients with suspected hypersensitivity underwent standardized questionnaires, skin prick tests, and patch tests for carmine.
- Specific IgE levels were measured in 52 patients.
- Placebo-controlled oral challenge tests were performed in 33 subjects.
Main Results:
- Carmine allergy was diagnosed in 8% (9/110) of patients, all with chronic inducible urticaria.
- Skin tests showed positive reactions in 22 patients.
- Specific IgE levels were elevated in 25/52 patients.
Conclusions:
- Carmine is a significant allergen, particularly in patients with chronic inducible urticaria.
- Skin tests and specific IgE measurements are valuable for diagnosing carmine (E120) hypersensitivity.
- Early diagnosis and management are crucial for patients experiencing carmine-induced reactions.
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