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Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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Brain Changes Associated With Long-Term Ketamine Abuse, A Systematic Review.

Jurriaan F M Strous1, Cees J Weeland2, Femke A van der Draai3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
|April 4, 2022
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Summary

Long-term ketamine abuse significantly impacts brain structure and function, leading to reduced gray matter and impaired connectivity. These changes may explain cognitive and psychiatric issues in chronic users.

Keywords:
connectivitydrug abusegray matter volumeketamineside effectswhite matter volume

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • The escalating abuse of ketamine necessitates understanding its neurological risks.
  • Chronic ketamine use can be studied in recreational users to observe long-term brain effects.

Approach:

  • A systematic review of Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO databases was conducted.
  • 16 studies involving 440 chronic ketamine users were analyzed for structural and functional brain changes.

Key Points:

  • Long-term ketamine use correlated with reduced gray matter volume and white matter integrity.
  • Functional connectivity in thalamocortical and corticocortical networks was diminished.
  • Observed neuroanatomical differences may underlie cognitive deficits and psychiatric side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Repeated ketamine abuse leads to significant structural and functional brain alterations.
  • These neurobiological changes are linked to memory impairment and executive dysfunction.
  • Efforts to curb ketamine abuse are crucial due to its detrimental long-term effects.