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Related Concept Videos

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Composite masonry walls combine multiple wythes of the same or different masonry materials to create a unified structure. These walls feature wythes that are bonded together either through mortar-filled collar joints, grouted spaces, or more commonly, with rigid metal ties and reinforcements, with the use of masonry header units being rare. Metal ties are preferred because they effectively minimize water penetration, as these walls primarily absorb moisture and then release it into the...
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Masonry curtain walls employ brick or stone veneers supported by the building's structure to form an external cladding system that is both aesthetically appealing and functional. These walls are erected through two principal techniques, first by traditional layering of masonry units and second by using prefabricated panels. Traditional construction relies on steel shelf angles attached to the spandrel beam for support, with high-bond mortars ensuring secure attachment of masonry veneer...
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Reinforced brick masonry is an advanced construction technique that enhances the structural integrity of brick walls by incorporating steel reinforcements. These reinforcements are either placed within the hollow cores of bricks or sandwiched between two layers of masonry, known as wythes, and are then secured in place with grout. Grout is a fluid mixture composed of Portland cement, aggregate, and water, providing the necessary bonding agent for the steel and brick.
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Masonry load-bearing walls, constructed from materials like brick, stone, or concrete masonry units, serve as a crucial component in building structures by supporting the loads from floors and roofs and transferring them to the foundation. These walls, known for their compressive strength, can be reinforced or unreinforced to suit different building needs, accommodating both the dead and live loads while maintaining safety through lower working stresses compared to the materials' ultimate...
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Masonry Cavity Walls01:26

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Cavity walls feature a hollow space between the outer and inner wythes, connected only by corrosion-resistant metal ties. When water seeps through the outer wythe, it descends within this cavity, intercepted by flashing and eventually exiting through weep holes. To enhance moisture resistance, the inner wythe's cavity side often receives damp-proofing, doubling as an air barrier. The cavity can also house insulation to mitigate heat transfer.
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Brick masonry uses bricks as the building blocks and involves building walls from individual bricks laid in mortar. The basic building block of brick masonry is the wythe, a vertical layer of bricks with a thickness of one brick. Within a wythe, bricks can be laid in various courses or patterns, with the most common being the stretcher course, where bricks are laid with their long edge horizontal and face parallel to the wall.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
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Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm

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Reconstructing the Holey Temple: A Composite Approach.

Emma Russell1, Jeremy Udkoff2, Thomas Knackstedt3

  • 1School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA.

Cureus
|April 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reconstructing complex facial defects after basal cell carcinoma (BCC) removal is challenging. A modified full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) successfully reconstructed a large defect involving multiple cosmetic subunits, yielding excellent results.

Keywords:
complex facial reconstructiondermatology and dermatologic surgerymohs surgeryskin closureskin graft

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Reconstruction of facial defects after Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) presents unique challenges, especially when multiple cosmetic subunits are involved.
  • Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common skin cancer requiring surgical excision, often resulting in defects that necessitate careful reconstruction.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with a complex defect of the left temple, cheek, and forehead following MMS for BCC.
  • The defect's extensive nature precluded simple linear closures or standard flap reconstructions.
  • Secondary intention healing (SIH) was considered but deemed unsuitable due to the involvement of the convex cheek subunit.

Findings:

  • A modified full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) combined with linear closures of the distal wound edges was employed for reconstruction.
  • The patient achieved excellent cosmetic outcomes at the three-month follow-up assessment.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the efficacy of a modified FTSG technique for reconstructing extensive facial defects involving multiple cosmetic subunits.
  • It provides valuable insights into the indications for FTSG versus SIH in facial reconstruction following skin cancer surgery.