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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Simultaneous Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Modulation of network centrality and gray matter microstructure using multi-session brain stimulation and memory

Friederike Thams1, Nadine Külzow2,3, Agnes Flöel1,4

  • 1Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

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|April 4, 2022
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Summary

Repeated transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with cognitive training reduced network centrality in older adults. Microstructural gray matter changes correlated with behavioral improvements, suggesting targeted neuromodulation for cognitive decline.

Keywords:
diffusion tensor imagingeigenvector centrality mappinggraph analysisobject-location memoryolder adultsresting-state functional connectivity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Neural mechanisms underlying cognitive enhancement from combined interventions remain unclear.
  • Previous work showed behavioral improvements in older adults using anodal tDCS with visuospatial memory training.
  • Investigating neural alterations post-intervention is crucial for understanding efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neural alterations following repeated transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with cognitive training.
  • To explore changes in functional network architecture and gray matter microstructure.
  • To identify the relationship between neural changes and behavioral improvements in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from 35 participants.
  • Employed eigenvector centrality mapping for whole-brain functional network analysis.
  • Analyzed gray matter alterations using DTI-derived mean diffusivity (MD).

Main Results:

  • Reduced network centrality in the bilateral posterior temporooccipital cortex after anodal tDCS compared to sham stimulation.
  • Evidence of decreased functional connectivity in the stimulated region and its homolog.
  • A decrease in mean diffusivity (MD) in the right temporooccipital cortex correlated with superior behavioral training gains.

Conclusions:

  • Combined tDCS and cognitive training induce targeted neuromodulatory effects on brain networks.
  • Gray matter microstructural alterations, assessed by MD, are implicated in tDCS-enhanced cognitive training.
  • Findings advance understanding of how interventions modulate neural networks in older adults, aiding development against cognitive decline.