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Circulating Gremlin-1 is elevated in systemic sclerosis patients.

Steven O'Reilly1

  • 1Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK.

Journal of Scleroderma and Related Disorders
|April 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Serum Gremlin-1 levels are elevated in early diffuse systemic sclerosis patients, particularly those with interstitial lung disease. This finding suggests Gremlin-1 may serve as a biomarker for systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease.

Keywords:
Gremlin-1bone morphogenetic proteinlung fibrosissclerodermatransforming growth factor-beta

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune activation, vascular issues, and fibrosis.
  • Fibroblast activation to myofibroblasts is central to systemic sclerosis pathogenesis.
  • Gremlin-1, a bone morphogenetic protein antagonist, plays a role in development and has been implicated in skin fibrosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate serum Gremlin-1 levels in patients with early diffuse systemic sclerosis.
  • To explore the association between Gremlin-1 and clinical manifestations, including interstitial lung disease.

Main Methods:

  • Serum samples were collected from 21 early diffuse systemic sclerosis patients and age/sex-matched controls.
  • Gremlin-1 levels were quantified using a specific enzyme-linked immunoassay.
  • Clinical variables, including interstitial lung disease and modified Rodnan Skin Score, were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Serum Gremlin-1 was significantly elevated in early diffuse systemic sclerosis patients compared to controls (p < 0.001).
  • Gremlin-1 levels were markedly higher in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (p < 0.0007).
  • A weak correlation was observed between circulating Gremlin-1 and the modified Rodnan Skin Score.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated serum Gremlin-1 is present in early diffuse systemic sclerosis.
  • Gremlin-1 elevation is particularly pronounced in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease.
  • Gremlin-1 shows potential as a biomarker for systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease.