Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Oncolytic virus OH2 induces PD-L1 upregulation via NF-κB signaling and synergizes with anti-PD-L1 therapy in prostate cancer through a targeted extracellular vesicle delivery system.

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer·2026

Same author

Targeting the HSP60/p53 Axis with Extracellular Vesicle-Delivered siRNA Reprograms Glycolysis in Prostate Cancer.

International journal of biological sciences·2026

Same author

Efficacy of oncolytic virus in the treatment of intermediate-to-advanced solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of virology·2025

Same author

From Plant Based Therapy to Plant-Derived Vesicle-Like Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment: Past, Present and Future.

International journal of nanomedicine·2025

Same author

A novel nomogram for predicting post-operative recurrence for patients with intermediate and high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer after thulium laser resection of bladder tumors or conventional transurethral resection of bladder tumors followed by intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy.

Translational andrology and urology·2025

Same author

A novel prostate cancer-specific fluorescent probe based on extracellular vesicles targeting STEAP1 applied in fluorescence guided surgery.

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society·2025

Same journal

An exploratory analysis of disulfidptosis-related gene signatures in minimal change disease identifies metabolic and immune associations.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2026

Same journal

Longitudinal changes in the phenotypic profile of circulating extracellular vesicles in healthy individuals.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2026

Same journal

Mesenchymal stem cells in intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic applications.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2026

Same journal

CD109 exhibits a dynamic expression pattern in coronary endothelium and endocardial-derived valve mesenchyme during heart development with preserved morphogenesis following endothelial-specific deletion.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2026

Same journal

Significance of fatty acid metabolism regulators in the diagnosis and subtype classification in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2026

Same journal

Tumor suppressor network dysregulation in neuroblastoma: molecular mechanisms and precision therapeutic opportunities.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer

3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer

Published on: September 13, 2018

Ferroptosis Patterns and Tumor Microenvironment Infiltration Characterization in Bladder Cancer.

Qi-Dong Xia¹, Jian-Xuan Sun¹, Chen-Qian Liu¹

¹Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

|April 7, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Ferroptosis patterns significantly impact bladder cancer

Keywords:

bladder cancer ferroptosis immunotherapy tumor microenvironment tumor mutation burden

More Related Videos

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools

Published on: December 28, 2021

Culture, Manipulation, and Orthotopic Transplantation of Mouse Bladder Tumor Organoids

Culture, Manipulation, and Orthotopic Transplantation of Mouse Bladder Tumor Organoids

Published on: January 31, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 27, 2025

3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer

3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer

Published on: September 13, 2018

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools

Published on: December 28, 2021

Culture, Manipulation, and Orthotopic Transplantation of Mouse Bladder Tumor Organoids

Culture, Manipulation, and Orthotopic Transplantation of Mouse Bladder Tumor Organoids

Published on: January 31, 2020

Area of Science:

Oncology
Cell Death Research
Cancer Genomics

Background:

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, is crucial in cancer.
Bladder cancer (BCa) is a prevalent malignancy.
The role of ferroptosis in BCa's tumor microenvironment (TME) and clinicopathology is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate ferroptosis patterns in bladder cancer.
To correlate ferroptosis with the tumor microenvironment and clinical features.
To develop a ferroptosis scoring system for BCa prognosis and treatment prediction.

Main Methods:

Utilized TCGA and GEO datasets for 570 BCa samples.
Analyzed 234 validated ferroptosis genes from FerrDb.
Employed principal component analysis (PCA) to create a ferroptosis score.

Main Results:

Identified four distinct ferroptosis patterns and two gene clusters.
Ferroptosis patterns correlate with clinical characteristics, prognosis, and immune cell infiltration.
The ferroptosis score predicts BCa prognosis, correlates with TNM stage and tumor grade, and relates to immunotherapy and chemotherapy response.

Conclusions:

Ferroptosis intricately regulates the BCa tumor microenvironment.
Evaluating ferroptosis patterns can guide clinical strategies and improve patient outcomes.
The ferroptosis score offers a valuable tool for BCa management.