[Effect of hormones on keratoconus and its mechanism]

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Endocrinology
• Genetics

Background:

• Keratoconus is an ectatic corneal disorder characterized by progressive thinning and conical reshaping of the cornea.
• While multifactorial, its exact pathogenesis involving tissue proteins, enzymes, immune functions, and genes remains unclear.
• Emerging research suggests a significant association between hormones, specifically sex hormones, and keratoconus development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review and analyze current research on the influence of hormones on keratoconus.
• To elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which hormones affect keratoconus.
• To explore the potential role of hormonal factors in the early diagnosis and novel therapeutic targets for keratoconus.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of studies investigating hormonal influences on keratoconus.
• Analysis of research data linking sex hormones and other endocrine factors to keratoconus pathogenesis.
• Synthesis of findings related to diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

Main Results:

• Evidence suggests hormonal fluctuations, particularly involving sex hormones, correlate with keratoconus.
• Hormonal pathways may modulate corneal tissue structure and immune responses relevant to keratoconus.
• Specific hormonal markers show potential for early keratoconus detection.

Conclusions:

• Hormones play a notable role in keratoconus pathogenesis and progression.
• Further research into hormonal mechanisms can refine early diagnostic tools for keratoconus.
• Targeting hormonal pathways presents a promising avenue for future keratoconus treatments.