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Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

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Gut microbiota and voluntary alcohol consumption.

L Segovia-Rodríguez¹, V Echeverry-Alzate^2,3, I Rincón-Pérez⁴

¹Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Somosaguas Campus, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain.

Translational Psychiatry

|April 8, 2022

Summary

The gut microbiota influences alcohol consumption. Transferring gut microbes from heavy drinkers increased alcohol intake in rats, suggesting a link between intestinal bacteria and drinking habits.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Neuroscience
Gastroenterology

Background:

Alcohol consumption varies significantly among individuals.
The role of the intestinal microbiota (IMB) in modulating alcohol consumption patterns remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between IMB composition and alcohol consumption patterns in humans.
To determine the causal role of IMB in alcohol consumption using a rat model.

Main Methods:

Analysis of IMB composition and alcohol consumption in 507 humans.
Fecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotic treatment, and behavioral analysis in 80 male Wistar rats.
Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing for microbial identification and quantification.

Main Results:

Heavy episodic drinking in humans correlated with a specific stool type (Bristol Stool Scale type 1) and increased Actinobacteria abundance.
Fecal microbiota transplantation from alcohol-intoxicated rats to recipients led to increased voluntary alcohol consumption in recipients.
Antibiotic-induced gut microbiota depletion significantly reduced alcohol consumption in rats and altered the abundance of major bacterial phyla.

Conclusions:

The intestinal microbiota plays a significant role in modulating voluntary alcohol consumption.
Specific bacterial taxa, such as Porphyromonas, may be associated with alcohol consumption behaviors.
Targeting the gut microbiota presents a potential avenue for interventions related to alcohol use disorders.