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Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
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Adolescent circadian patterns link with psychiatric problems: A multimodal approach.

Liisa Kuula1, Risto Halonen1, Jari Lipsanen2

  • 1SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.

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|April 9, 2022
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Circadian rhythm disruptions are linked to various psychiatric disorders in adolescents, particularly severe depression and suicidality. Sleep patterns, not just duration, are key indicators of mental health challenges.

Keywords:
AdolescenceChronobiologyCircadianDepressionSleep

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms are fundamental to brain function and mental well-being.
  • Disruptions in circadian patterns are increasingly recognized as potential contributors to psychiatric conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between circadian rhythm characteristics (period length, amplitude, phase) and psychiatric disorders in adolescents.
  • To compare objective (temperature, actigraphy) and subjective (circadian preference) measures of circadian rhythms in relation to mental health.

Main Methods:

  • Continuous body temperature and sleep actigraphy were measured in 342 adolescents.
  • Participants underwent psychiatric interviews (M.I.N.I.) and completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ).
  • Circadian period, amplitude, sleep parameters, and Delayed Sleep Phase (DSP) were derived and analyzed against psychiatric diagnoses.

Main Results:

  • Severe depression correlated with longer circadian period length.
  • Suicidality was associated with later sleep midpoint and increased sleep irregularity.
  • Delayed Sleep Phase (DSP) and eveningness preference were linked to higher comorbidity, anxiety disorders, panic disorder, and suicidality.

Conclusions:

  • Deviations in circadian rhythms, including period length, phase, and regularity, are broadly associated with psychiatric problems in adolescents.
  • Sleep duration alone was not significantly linked to psychiatric issues.
  • Circadian disruption markers, especially irregular sleep and DSP, are notably connected to suicidality.