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Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

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Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
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Bipolar disorder and bone health: A case-control study.

Lana J Williams1, Amanda L Stuart2, Michael Berk3

  • 1Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|April 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Women with bipolar disorder (BD) show lower bone density and quality compared to controls. This association was particularly evident in younger women, highlighting potential bone health risks in BD.

Keywords:
Bipolar disorderBone densityBone qualityComorbidityDepressionManiaNeurosciencePsychiatry

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Area of Science:

  • Bone health research
  • Mental health and physical comorbidity
  • Osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder (BD) is linked to significant psychological and physical health issues.
  • Bone health in individuals with BD remains under-researched.
  • Understanding bone health in BD is crucial for comprehensive patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between bipolar disorder and bone health in a population-based sample of women.
  • To assess bone mineral density (BMD) and bone quality in women with and without a history of BD.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 117 women with BD and 909 controls.
  • BD diagnosis confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID-I/NP).
  • Bone mineral density measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; bone quality assessed via quantitative heel ultrasound (SOS, BUA, SI).

Main Results:

  • Women with BD had significantly lower adjusted mean BMD at the hip (4.3%) and total body (1.6%) compared to controls.
  • Younger women (<50 years) with BD showed lower spine BMD (3.5%) than controls; no difference was observed in older women (≥50 years).
  • Individuals with BD exhibited lower adjusted mean Speed of Sound (SOS) (1.0%), Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation (BUA) (3.2%), and Stiffness Index (SI) (7.8%).

Conclusions:

  • Bipolar disorder is associated with reduced bone quantity and quality in women.
  • Age modifies the association between BD and spine bone mineral density.
  • Further research is warranted to replicate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms linking BD and poor bone health.