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Related Concept Videos

Chirality in Nature02:30

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Chirality02:25

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
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Prochirality02:05

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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
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Updated: Sep 27, 2025

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality
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Cell chirality regulates coherent angular motion on small circular substrates.

Bi-Cong Wang1, Guang-Kui Xu1

  • 1Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, SVL, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Biophysical Journal
|April 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell clusters confined to circular islands exhibit spontaneous angular rotation. Fluctuations drive pattern changes, influencing rotation direction and speed, offering insights into collective cell migration.

Keywords:
biomechanical modelcell chiralitycollective cell migrationgeometrical constraints

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular dynamics and biomechanics
  • Active matter physics

Background:

  • Collective cell migration is crucial for wound healing and tumor metastasis.
  • Cells in confined circular environments can exhibit coherent angular rotation, but mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biomechanical mechanisms underlying collective cell rotation in confined spaces.
  • To model the spatiotemporal dynamics of small cell clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a biomechanical model incorporating cell membrane, microtubules, and nucleus.
  • Simulated spatiotemporal evolutions of cell clusters in confined circular islands.

Main Results:

  • Observed spontaneous transitions from radial to chiral patterns driven by fluctuations.
  • Demonstrated that cluster rotation direction is opposite to chiral orientation and can be reversed by fluctuations.
  • Identified 'tidal locking' phenomenon where individual cells rotate around their centroid while revolving around the island center.
  • Showed that adding a central cell can accelerate cluster rotation.

Conclusions:

  • The model elucidates how fluctuations and cell-intrinsic properties drive collective cell rotation.
  • Findings provide insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of active matter and cell migration in biological processes.