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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
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Racial Disparity in Pediatric Radiography for Forearm Fractures.

Derek J Baughman1, Taofeek Akinpelu1, Abdul Waheed2,3

  • 1Family Medicine, WellSpan Good Samaritan Hospital, Lebanon, USA.

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|April 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Racial disparities exist in pediatric fracture imaging. Non-White children with arm or wrist pain received fewer diagnostic radiograph images and had lower abnormal radiograph detection rates compared to White children.

Keywords:
healthcare disparitieshealthy equitypediatric fracturespediatricspopulation health management

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Health Equity
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Upper extremity fractures are common in children.
  • Limited research exists on racial disparities in pediatric fracture radiography.
  • Alternative diagnostic methods show promise in reducing healthcare inequities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate racial disparities in diagnostic radiography for pediatric fractures.
  • To determine if differences exist in imaging rates and abnormal radiograph detection between racial groups.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 4280 pediatric patients (ages 3-18) with arm/wrist pain.
  • Compared imaging rates and abnormal radiograph detection between White and non-White children.
  • Stratified analysis by emergency department (ED) versus other primary care settings.

Main Results:

  • Non-White patients had lower odds of receiving imaging in both ambulatory settings and EDs.
  • Non-White patients in the ED showed lower rates and odds of abnormal radiographs.
  • Significant differences in imaging rates indicate a healthcare disparity.

Conclusions:

  • Non-White pediatric patients experience lower imaging rates for traumatic arm/wrist pain, suggesting a disparity in care.
  • Further research is needed on social determinants of health, patient data, and provider bias.
  • Addressing these disparities is crucial for equitable pediatric fracture care.