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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
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Rheumatoid Arthritis: Early Diagnosis and Treatment.

John J Cush1

  • 1Rheumatic Disease Division, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 9900 North Central Expressway, Suite 550, Dallas, TX 75231, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/rheumnow.

Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America
|April 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is crucial for effective treatment. Primary care physicians play a key role in identifying RA and initiating disease-modifying therapy promptly to prevent joint damage.

Keywords:
Early rheumatoid arthritisReferralRheumatoid factor

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive inflammatory disease causing joint damage and systemic inflammation.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention are critical to manage RA effectively and prevent long-term complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the unmet needs and challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of early RA.
  • To outline optimal diagnostic strategies and identify pitfalls in early RA management.
  • To clarify referral guidelines to rheumatologists for timely patient care.

Main Methods:

  • This study is an overview of current knowledge and clinical practice regarding early RA.
  • It synthesizes information on diagnostic criteria, treatment initiation, and referral pathways.
  • Expert opinion and established clinical guidelines inform the recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Primary care physicians are essential for the frontline diagnosis of RA.
  • Prompt initiation of disease-modifying therapy upon diagnosis is vital.
  • Clear referral criteria to rheumatologists are necessary for timely specialist care.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing unmet needs in early RA diagnosis and treatment is paramount.
  • Timely intervention by primary care physicians, including early disease-modifying therapy, improves outcomes.
  • Effective management of RA requires a collaborative approach between primary care and rheumatology specialists.