Verbal Memory Interference in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Review.
Sarah A Orban1, Sara B Festini1, Erica K Yuen1
1University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA.
Journal of Attention Disorders
|April 11, 2022
Summary
Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show less proactive interference but more retroactive interference and memory control issues. These verbal memory differences vary by age and interference type.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Memory Research
Background:
- Interference control is crucial for managing competing memory representations.
- Memory difficulties are often associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
- Understanding memory interference in ADHD is key to addressing cognitive challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a meta-analytic review of verbal memory interference in individuals with ADHD.
- To evaluate susceptibility to proactive, retroactive, and memory control interference in ADHD.
- To compare interference effects across different age groups within the ADHD population.
Main Methods:
- A meta-analysis of 20 studies published between 1987 and 2019.
- Inclusion criteria focused on verbal memory interference tasks in ADHD samples (ages 8-36).
- Extracted proactive and retroactive interference indices from list-learning tasks and memory control indices from experimental paradigms.
Main Results:
- Children with ADHD exhibited less proactive interference compared to controls (g=-0.53).
- Adults with ADHD showed no significant difference in proactive interference (g=0.13).
- Both children and adults with ADHD demonstrated increased retroactive interference (g=0.17) and poorer memory control (g=0.35).
Conclusions:
- Verbal memory interference control in ADHD is complex and age-dependent.
- Individuals with ADHD experience distinct patterns of interference susceptibility.
- Findings highlight the need for tailored interventions considering age and interference type in ADHD.
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