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Non-coding RNAs and macrophage interaction in tumor progression.

Maliheh Entezari1, Mehrdokht Sadrkhanloo2, Mohsen Rashidi3

  • 1Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
|April 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) influence macrophage polarization within the tumor microenvironment (TME), impacting cancer progression. Targeting these ncRNAs, particularly exosomal ones, offers therapeutic potential and diagnostic opportunities for cancer.

Keywords:
Cancer therapyCircRNAsDrug resistanceExosomesLong non-coding RNAsMiRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Macrophages, particularly M2-polarized ones, are abundant in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and promote tumor malignancy.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key regulators of macrophage polarization within the TME, influencing cancer progression and therapeutic responses.
  • Specific types of ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play distinct roles in modulating macrophage polarization and associated molecular pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of various ncRNAs in regulating macrophage polarization within the TME.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting ncRNAs for TME remodeling and modulating macrophage polarization.
  • To investigate the significance of exosomal ncRNAs in cancer progression, diagnosis, and as therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing experimental data on ncRNA functions in macrophage polarization.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs influence macrophage phenotypes.
  • Examination of the role of exosomal ncRNAs in intercellular communication within the TME.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, exhibit dual roles in inducing or suppressing M2 macrophage polarization.
  • ncRNAs can modulate various molecular pathways critical for tumor progression and response to therapy.
  • Exosomal ncRNAs derived from tumor cells or macrophages actively remodel the TME and influence macrophage polarization.
  • Therapeutic strategies targeting ncRNAs can mediate TME remodeling and impact macrophage polarization.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs are critical regulators of macrophage polarization and TME modulation in cancer.
  • Targeting ncRNAs, especially exosomal ncRNAs, presents a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
  • Exosomal ncRNAs hold potential as non-invasive biomarkers for tumor diagnosis.