Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

252
The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
252
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling01:17

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling

1.9K
Enterohepatic cycling involves the active secretion of drugs and their metabolites into the bile via transporters in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. This secretion is an integral part of the digestive process, releasing these substances into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Post-release drugs and metabolites can be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. For conjugated metabolites like glucuronides, reabsorption requires enzymatic hydrolysis by intestinal microflora. This...
1.9K
Hepatic Drug Clearance: Effect of Protein Binding01:09

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Effect of Protein Binding

319
Hepatic clearance is influenced by protein binding based on the drug's extraction ratio. Drugs with high extraction ratios are considered flow-limited and remain unaffected by protein binding during hepatic clearance. On the other hand, drugs with low extraction ratios may be impacted by plasma protein binding, although the extent of this influence depends on the fraction of the drug bound.
For low-extraction-ratio drugs that are less than 80% protein-bound, minor changes in protein binding...
319
Hepatic Portal System01:21

Hepatic Portal System

2.6K
The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
At its core, the hepatic portal vein is the result of a confluence of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins along with the splenic vein. Each of these veins has a unique role. The superior mesenteric vein is...
2.6K
Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

1.5K
The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...
1.5K
Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests01:24

Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests

82
Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.
82

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Bacterial Pathogen Identification and Its Association with Clinical, Ultrasonographic, and Post-Mortem Severity in Lacaune Lambs with Ovine Respiratory Complex.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2026
Same author

Progesterone-Dependent Changes in Platelet Activation Without Morphological Variation in Diestrus Mares.

Veterinary sciences·2026
Same author

Hematological, Enzymatic, and Endocrine Response to Intense Exercise in Lidia Breed Cattle During the Roping Bull Bullfighting Celebration.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2025
Same author

Involvement of Peripheral Serotonin in Blood Cells in Healthy Cyclical Mares of Different Ages.

Veterinary sciences·2025
Same author

Comparative Analysis of Acute-Phase Protein Profiles in Cats Undergoing Ovariectomy: Laparoscopic vs. Conventional Surgery in Short Time After Procedure.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2024
Same author

Short Road Transport and Slaughter Stress Affects the Expression Profile of Serotonin Receptors, Adrenocortical, and Hematochemical Responses in Horses.

Veterinary sciences·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids
08:02

Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids

Published on: April 25, 2016

9.8K

Hepatic Enzyme Profile in Horses.

Katy Satué1, Laura Miguel-Pastor1, Deborah Chicharro1

  • 1Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, 46115 Valencia, Spain.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|April 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Equine liver enzymes, including sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), help diagnose hepatocellular and cholestatic injuries. Analyzing enzyme patterns aids in differentiating acute versus chronic liver diseases in horses.

Keywords:
enzyme profilehepatobiliary diseasehorseliver

More Related Videos

Technique of Porcine Liver Procurement and Orthotopic Transplantation using an Active Porto-Caval Shunt
12:27

Technique of Porcine Liver Procurement and Orthotopic Transplantation using an Active Porto-Caval Shunt

Published on: May 7, 2015

16.6K
An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment
08:59

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment

Published on: December 3, 2020

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids
08:02

Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids

Published on: April 25, 2016

9.8K
Technique of Porcine Liver Procurement and Orthotopic Transplantation using an Active Porto-Caval Shunt
12:27

Technique of Porcine Liver Procurement and Orthotopic Transplantation using an Active Porto-Caval Shunt

Published on: May 7, 2015

16.6K
An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment
08:59

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment

Published on: December 3, 2020

8.1K

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Biochemistry
  • Equine Health

Background:

  • Liver enzymes are crucial for diagnosing equine liver and biliary diseases.
  • Enzymes are classified as hepatocellular or cholestatic, with specific markers for each.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic classification of equine liver enzymes.
  • To differentiate between hepatocellular and cholestatic enzyme patterns.
  • To correlate enzyme changes with acute or chronic liver conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of equine liver-specific enzymes (SDH, GLDH, GGT, AST, LDH, ALP).
  • Correlation of enzyme activities with hepatocellular injury and cholestasis.
  • Analysis of enzyme patterns to determine disease course (acute vs. chronic).

Main Results:

  • SDH and GLDH indicate hepatocellular injury and cholestasis.
  • GGT is elevated in biliary necrosis/hyperplasia.
  • AST and ALP suggest chronic disease, while SDH, GGT, and GLDH indicate acute conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Enzyme patterns in blood reflect various equine liver pathologies.
  • Evaluating enzyme levels, patterns, and trends aids in hepatic diagnosis.
  • Distinguishing hepatocellular vs. cholestatic enzyme elevations is key for diagnosis.