Ketogenic Diet and Cardiac Substrate Metabolism

Area of Science:

• Nutrition Science
• Cardiovascular Health
• Metabolic Disorders

Background:

• The ketogenic diet (KD) is characterized by high fat, moderate protein, and very low carbohydrate intake.
• KD has shown promise for type 2 diabetes and obesity management, improving glycemic control and promoting weight loss.
• Hyperketonemia, a state induced by KD, is linked to potential cardiovascular benefits via improved cardiac energetics and reduced oxygen demand.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the effects of the ketogenic diet on myocardial ketone body utilization.
• To elucidate the impact of KD on cardiovascular health.
• To discuss the potential benefits and adverse effects of KD concerning cardiovascular outcomes.

Main Methods:

• This is a narrative review.
• Literature search on ketogenic diet, ketone body utilization, and cardiovascular health.
• Synthesis of existing research findings.

Main Results:

• KD can improve glycemic control and facilitate weight loss.
• Hyperketonemia may offer cardiovascular advantages by enhancing cardiac efficiency.
• Adverse effects include hyperlipidemia (elevated triglycerides and LDL cholesterol), potentially counteracting benefits.
• Diet adherence and long-term effect knowledge impact KD applicability.

Conclusions:

• The ketogenic diet presents a dual effect on cardiovascular health, offering potential benefits through enhanced myocardial ketone utilization but posing risks due to hyperlipidemia.
• Further research is needed to balance KD's therapeutic potential with its adverse effects for cardiovascular disease management.
• Understanding long-term impacts and improving adherence are crucial for broader KD application in cardiovascular health.