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Optimal Wireless Distributed Sensor Network Design and Ad-Hoc Deployment in a Chemical Emergency Situation.

Shai Kendler1,2, Barak Fishbain2

  • 1Department of Environmental, Water and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 12, 2022
PubMed
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Optimizing sensor placement is crucial for effective chemical disaster response. Strategic sensor location and quantity are more vital than sensor quality for leak detection and source identification.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Emergency Response

Background:

  • Industrial activities frequently involve hazardous chemicals, necessitating robust disaster preparedness.
  • Current first responder strategies for chemical incidents are limited by insufficient real-time contamination source data.
  • Effective response requires dynamic sensor deployment strategies adapting to meteorological conditions and available resources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a real-time sensor deployment strategy for chemical disaster response.
  • To analyze the trade-offs between sensor location, quantity, and attributes.
  • To optimize sensor allocation under practical constraints.

Main Methods:

  • Examined the relationship between sensor placement and attributes in simulated chemical leak scenarios.
Keywords:
air pollutiongas detectorsgenetic algorithmsindustrial accidentslocation-allocation sensor systemspareto optimizationsafety management

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  • Evaluated the impact of sensor quantity versus quality (dynamic range) on leak detection and source localization.
  • Developed a methodology for real-time sensor location-allocation.

    • Main Results:

    • Optimal sensor location significantly enhances response effectiveness.
    • Sensor quantity is more critical than sensor quality for leak source identification.
    • Sensor dynamic range is vital for leak quantification but less so for source localization.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed sensor deployment methodology improves real-time response capabilities for chemical disasters.
    • Findings guide the strategic allocation of sensors, balancing cost and effectiveness.
    • This approach is adaptable to real-world conditions and technological limitations.