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Distributed Acoustic Sensor Using a Double Sagnac Interferometer Based on Wavelength Division Multiplexing.

Andrey A Zhirnov1,2, Tatyana V Choban1, Konstantin V Stepanov1

  • 1Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2-nd Baumanskaya 5-1, 105005 Moscow, Russia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a fiber optic distributed acoustic sensor using a double Sagnac interferometer and two wavelengths. This system achieves high accuracy for acoustic event detection in long-haul fiber optic sensing.

Keywords:
Sagnac interferometerdisturbance localizationfiber optic sensorsensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Fiber Optic Sensing
  • Acoustic Detection

Background:

  • Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is crucial for monitoring infrastructure and detecting acoustic events.
  • Traditional DAS systems face challenges with sensitivity, noise, and data processing complexity.
  • Sagnac interferometers offer a robust platform for interferometric sensing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel fiber optic distributed acoustic sensor based on a double Sagnac interferometer.
  • To analyze and optimize sensor performance through mathematical modeling and simulation.
  • To develop an effective data processing algorithm for high-noise environments.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a double Sagnac interferometer utilizing two distinct wavelengths from CWDM modules.
  • Development and mathematical substantiation of a signal formation model based on dual-signal shift analysis.
  • Simulation of sensor sensitivity dependence on disturbance location and frequency to identify low-sensitivity zones.

Main Results:

  • A mathematical model was developed and validated, enabling sensor scheme optimization.
  • A novel, filter-free data processing algorithm was described, effective even with high system noise.
  • Experimental validation on 25.4 km of SMF achieved an accuracy of 24 m without phase unwrapping.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed double Sagnac interferometer DAS system demonstrates significant potential for accurate acoustic event localization.
  • The developed mathematical model and data processing algorithm contribute to enhanced sensor performance and robustness.
  • The system's high accuracy over extended fiber lengths highlights its applicability in real-world distributed sensing scenarios.