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Tapia's Syndrome: keep it in mind!

Alberto Caranti1, Chiara Bianchini2, Virginia Corazzi2

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This summary is machine-generated.

Tapia's syndrome (TS) is typically caused by peripheral factors like postintubation edema. This review highlights the importance of considering TS during the COVID-19 pandemic due to airway management and potential viral implications.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Tapia's syndrome (TS) involves combined cranial nerve palsy, predominantly affecting cranial nerves IX and X.
  • The etiology of TS is primarily peripheral, with central causes being rare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To revise the etiologic features of Tapia's syndrome (TS).
  • To emphasize the relevance of TS in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review adhering to PRISMA criteria was conducted.
  • Medline and Embase databases were searched for studies published between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2020.
  • Inclusion criteria reduced an initial 399 manuscripts to 50 relevant studies.

Main Results:

  • Sixty-five patients diagnosed with TS were included in the review.
  • The mean age of affected patients was 44±17.5 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.3:1.
  • Peripheral causes accounted for the majority of TS cases (95%), with postintubation edema being the most common (77%).

Conclusions:

  • Tapia's syndrome is predominantly caused by peripheral factors, with central etiologies being uncommon.
  • Increased attention to TS is warranted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, considering its links to airway management, anesthetic procedures, and potential viral involvement.