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Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Induction and Micro-CT Imaging of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in Mouse Model
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Association Between Beta-Blocker or Statin Drug Use and the Risk of Hemorrhage From Cerebral Cavernous Malformations

Susanna M Zuurbier1, Charlotte R Hickman2, Leon A Rinkel1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands (S.M.Z., L.A.R.).

Stroke
|April 12, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Beta-blocker use significantly reduced the risk of hemorrhage or neurological deficits in cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) patients. Statin use showed a nonsignificant trend toward lower risk.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiovascular Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) pose risks of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and neurological deficits.
  • Understanding medication effects on CCM progression is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between beta-blocker or statin use and the risk of future adverse events in patients with CCM.
  • To evaluate the impact of these medications on symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage or persistent/progressive focal neurological deficit.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based study using the Scottish Audit of Intracranial Vascular Malformations.
  • Prospective follow-up of adults diagnosed with CCM between 1999-2003 and 2006-2010.
  • Survival analysis with multivariable adjustment for key confounders.

Main Results:

  • Beta-blocker use was associated with a significantly lower risk of hemorrhage or neurological deficit (aHR, 0.09; P=0.018).
  • Statin use showed a trend towards a lower risk, but this was not statistically significant (aHR, 0.37; P=0.067).
  • Propranolol was the most common beta-blocker used.

Conclusions:

  • Beta-blocker therapy is associated with a reduced risk of adverse outcomes in patients with cerebral cavernous malformations.
  • Statin therapy did not demonstrate a statistically significant association with reduced risk in this cohort.
Abstract

Keywords:
adrenergic beta-antagonistscerebral hemorrhagehemangioma, cavernous, central nervous systemhydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitorssecondary prevention

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