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Related Concept Videos

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions00:59

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions

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Direct-acting cholinergic agonists exert their pharmacological actions by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine on postsynaptic muscarinic receptors to generate parasympathetic responses. These agents elicit a range of physiological responses, including cardiovascular effects. For example, activation of muscarinic receptors induces bradycardia, decreased cardiac output, reduced peripheral resistance, and consequent hypotension. In the eye, stimulation of M3 receptors leads to smooth muscle...
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Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions01:30

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Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists, also known as anticholinesterases, exert their pharmacological effects by enhancing cholinergic transmission in various body parts, including the neuromuscular junction, autonomic cholinergic synapses, and the brain.
At the neuromuscular junction, these agents work by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, allowing it to remain bound to the receptor and bind to nearby receptors. This process leads to repetitive firing of the endplate, causing muscle...
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Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Mechanism of Action01:18

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Mechanism of Action

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Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists work by interacting with an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the synaptic cleft. They can be reversible or irreversible inhibitors and have different effects on the enzyme.
Reversible inhibitors like edrophonium bind to a specific part of the enzyme called the anionic catalytic site. They form noncovalent bonds, which means they are not strongly attached to the enzyme. This creates a temporary and less stable enzyme–inhibitor complex,...
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Parasympathetic Signaling01:30

Parasympathetic Signaling

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Parasympathetic signaling plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes. It involves the release of acetylcholine (ACh) by parasympathetic neurons, which can have localized and short-lived effects. The majority of ACh released is rapidly inactivated at the synapse by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which hydrolyzes Ach into choline and acetate. Additionally, the tissue cholinesterase deactivates any ACh diffusing into the surrounding tissues.
The effects of...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:11

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

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Direct-acting cholinergic agonists have many therapeutic uses in various medical fields. Choline esters, including acetylcholine, have limited clinical utility due to their non-selectivity and short duration of action. Still, acetylcholine and carbachol are applied topically during ophthalmologic surgery to induce miosis. Pilocarpine, a muscarinic and ganglionic stimulator, effectively treats open-angle glaucoma and alleviates xerostomia and dry mouth caused by radiotherapy or Sjögren...
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Increased Recovery Time and Decreased LPS Administration to Study the Vagus Nerve Stimulation Mechanisms in Limited Inflammatory Responses
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Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and COVID-19.

Danial Mehranfard1, Robert C Speth1,2

  • 1College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.

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|April 12, 2022
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Summary

The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) may offer new COVID-19 treatments. Nicotine

Keywords:
Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptorCOVID-19Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathwayVagus nerve stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Inflammation research
  • Infectious disease

Background:

  • The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) modulates immune responses.
  • COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Nicotine's potential role in mitigating COVID-19 severity is under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP).
  • To explore the CAP as a therapeutic target for COVID-19.
  • To discuss vagus nerve stimulation and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists for COVID-19 treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.
  • Analysis of existing research on nicotine and COVID-19.
  • Exploration of therapeutic targets for COVID-19.

Main Results:

  • The CAP plays a significant role in regulating inflammation.
  • Nicotine, a component of tobacco, may reduce COVID-19 severity.
  • Vagus nerve stimulation and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists show therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

  • The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway presents a promising therapeutic target for COVID-19.
  • Targeting the CAP could offer a novel approach to managing COVID-19 infections.
  • Further research is warranted to validate these therapeutic strategies.