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Published on: August 5, 2016
Neurobrucellosis: the great mimicker
Cristiane Nascimento Soares1, Abraão Iuri Medeiros Angelim2, Carlos Otavio Brandão3
1Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado, Departamento de doenças infecciosas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Abstract:
Neurobrucellosis is caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella and is responsible for several clinical manifestations, making diagnosis challenging. The most common route of infection is through the consumption of unpasteurized or raw dairy products such as fresh milk, butter, and cheese. As neurological complications can develop chronically, they are frequently misdiagnosed as other infections, such as tuberculosis. This report reviews the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach, treatment, and prognosis of neurobrucellosis, illustrating a case of chronic intracranial hypertension and meningoencephalitis secondary to brucellosis. The clinical presentation of brucellosis can mimic several systemic diseases, resulting in diagnostic delays and clinical complications. A high degree of suspicion is required, and neurobrucellosis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic meningitis.
Insights
Neurobrucellosis, a challenging diagnosis caused by Brucella bacteria, often presents with chronic neurological symptoms mimicking other diseases. Early suspicion and consideration in differential diagnoses are crucial for timely treatment and improved outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Neurobrucellosis is a serious infection caused by Brucella bacteria, often contracted through consuming contaminated dairy products.
- Neurological complications can be chronic and mimic other conditions, leading to diagnostic delays.
Observation:
- The clinical presentation of neurobrucellosis is diverse and can resemble various systemic diseases.
- Chronic intracranial hypertension and meningoencephalitis are significant neurological manifestations.
Findings:
- Brucellosis diagnosis is challenging due to its varied clinical manifestations.
- Delayed diagnosis can lead to severe clinical complications.
Implications:
- Neurobrucellosis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic meningitis.
- A high index of suspicion is essential for accurate and prompt diagnosis.
- Understanding the diverse presentations aids in managing this complex infection.
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