Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Information Processing Approach

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...

Language and Cognition

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method

Research is what makes the difference between facts and opinions. Facts are observable realities, and opinions are personal judgments, conclusions, or attitudes that may or may not be accurate. In the scientific community, facts can be established only using evidence collected through empirical research.

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...

Purposive Learning

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...

Law of Effect

Law of Effect

B.F. Skinner, a prominent figure in behavioral psychology, introduced operant conditioning by emphasizing the role of consequences in shaping behavior. This theory builds upon the law of effect proposed by Edward Thorndike, which posits that behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are likely to be repeated. In contrast, those followed by unsatisfying outcomes are less likely to recur.
Edward Thorndike's foundational work involved studying learning in animals, particularly using puzzle...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

An Extensive Reading Intervention for Emergent Bilingual Students With Significant Reading Difficulties in Middle School.

Remedial and special education : RASE·2026

Same author

A Pilot Study Examining Elements to Improve Generalized Word Reading Skills for Students With Significant Word Reading Difficulties.

Journal of learning disabilities·2026

Same author

Reading and Cognitive Correlates Underlying Inferencing Among Adolescent Readers.

International journal for research in learning disabilities·2025

Same author

Centering Students with Learning Disabilities in Intervention Research: Implications for Educational Theory.

Educational psychologist·2025

Same author

Interventions for children and adolescents with specific learning disability and co-occurring disorders.

Pediatric research·2025

Same author

Implementation of active therapeutic hypothermia across a regional transport network for infants transferred for neonatal encephalopathy.

Pediatric research·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Universal Screening for Prevention of Reading, Writing, and Math Disabilities in Spanish

Universal Screening for Prevention of Reading, Writing, and Math Disabilities in Spanish

Published on: July 18, 2020

Explicit Instruction as the Essential Tool for Executing the Science of Reading.

Sharon Vaughn¹, Jack Fletcher²

¹Manuel J. Justiz Endowed Chair in Education and the Executive Director of The Meadows Center for Preventing Educational Risk.

The Reading League Journal

|April 14, 2022

Summary

The science of reading is a current focus in education, guiding teachers to use evidence-based methods for effective reading instruction. Understanding this research helps educators ensure their teaching practices align with scientific findings for student success.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Published on: August 16, 2024

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding

Published on: October 11, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Universal Screening for Prevention of Reading, Writing, and Math Disabilities in Spanish

Universal Screening for Prevention of Reading, Writing, and Math Disabilities in Spanish

Published on: July 18, 2020

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Published on: August 16, 2024

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding

Published on: October 11, 2018

Area of Science:

Education
Cognitive Science
Literacy Studies

Background:

Recurring debates on effective reading instruction methods occur every decade.
Current discussions emphasize the "science of reading" for informed teaching.
Educators seek clarity on the science of reading and its classroom application.

Purpose of the Study:

To define the science of reading.
To guide educators on implementing science-based reading instruction.
To address the gap between research and classroom practice.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent research on reading acquisition.
Analysis of pedagogical approaches aligned with cognitive science.
Synthesis of findings to inform instructional strategies.

Main Results:

The science of reading integrates research from various disciplines.
Effective reading instruction requires explicit, systematic phonics, and comprehension strategies.
Teachers need practical guidance to translate research into practice.

Conclusions:

Implementing the science of reading is crucial for effective literacy development.
Educators must be equipped with knowledge and tools to apply research-based practices.
Continued dialogue is needed to bridge the gap between science and teaching.