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Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
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HIV: the changing paradigm.

Sian Raubinger1, Frederick J Lee1,2, Angie N Pinto1,3

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Summary

Significant progress in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis and management has transformed it into a manageable chronic condition. However, key populations still face barriers to care, highlighting ongoing challenges in achieving an end to AIDS.

Keywords:
AIDSHIVantiretrovirals

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Over the past 40 years, substantial advancements have been made in diagnosing and managing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  • The development of antiretroviral therapy (ART), from initial agents to modern single-tablet regimens, has dramatically improved patient outcomes and reduced toxicity.
  • Despite progress, disparities persist, with certain key populations not fully benefiting from these advancements, indicating an incomplete 'end of AIDS'.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a clinical update on the current diagnosis and management of HIV infection.
  • To describe the evolving paradigms in HIV care over the last few decades.
  • To highlight the transformation of HIV from a life-limiting illness to a manageable chronic disease.

Main Methods:

  • This clinical update reviews existing literature and clinical guidelines on HIV diagnosis and management.
  • It synthesizes information on the historical development of antiretroviral therapies.
  • The update examines current challenges and disparities in HIV care for key populations.

Main Results:

  • HIV management has evolved from a fatal diagnosis to a manageable chronic condition due to therapeutic advancements.
  • Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and single-tablet regimens have significantly improved treatment efficacy and tolerability.
  • Persistent gaps in care and access to treatment exist for vulnerable and key populations globally.

Conclusions:

  • HIV is now a manageable chronic disease, largely due to advances in antiretroviral therapy.
  • Continued efforts are crucial to address disparities and ensure equitable access to diagnosis and care for all populations.
  • Achieving the 'end of AIDS' requires targeted interventions for key populations left behind by current public health successes.