Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

1.3K
The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
1.3K
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I01:26

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I

3.0K
The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...
3.0K
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

2.7K
Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
2.7K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

1.1K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
1.1K
Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

Lobes of the Cerebrum

1.5K
The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements....
1.5K
Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions01:20

Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions

6.9K
The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem.
The cerebrum is the largest section of the brain and divides into left and right hemispheres, separated by a deep fissure. The cerebral outer layer of grey matter — the cerebral cortex — comprises elevations called gyri and shallow groves called sulci. The inner portion of white matter includes long nerve fibers known as axons, which connect...
6.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Causal Dynamics of Social Gaze in Primate Prefrontal-Amygdala Networks Revealed by Dynamic Bayesian Modeling.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Widespread synaptic density loss in schizophrenia follows molecular and network architecture.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Molecular and cellular correlates of human cortical lateralization.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Compositionality of social gaze in the prefrontal-amygdala circuits.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Widespread use of invalid statistical tests in biomedical machine learning.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Canonical decision computations underlie behavioral and neural signatures of cooperation in primates.

Neuron·2026
Same journal

Why the Big Five personality traits are composites, not common causes: Implications for measurement, prediction, and causal inference.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

Perception and action as one: Re-integrating research on human action through event files.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

Associative learning explains "intuitive statistics" in animals.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

A reciprocal model of practice and skill: Navigating between dropout and expertise.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

The relative psychometric function: A general analysis framework for relating psychological processes.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

A taxonomy of discriminatory behavior.

Psychological review·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Electroporation of Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Studies of Gene Function
07:13

Electroporation of Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Studies of Gene Function

Published on: November 29, 2024

1.4K

Beyond cortex: The evolution of the human brain.

Rowena Chin1, Steve W C Chang1, Avram J Holmes1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Yale University.

Psychological Review
|April 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human brain evolution involves more than just the cortex; it is a complex, networked process. Understanding these interconnected neural systems is crucial for studying behavior and brain development.

More Related Videos

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices
08:49

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices

Published on: January 22, 2018

13.1K
Generation of Standardized and Reproducible Forebrain-type Cerebral Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
10:25

Generation of Standardized and Reproducible Forebrain-type Cerebral Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: January 23, 2018

21.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Electroporation of Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Studies of Gene Function
07:13

Electroporation of Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Studies of Gene Function

Published on: November 29, 2024

1.4K
Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices
08:49

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices

Published on: January 22, 2018

13.1K
Generation of Standardized and Reproducible Forebrain-type Cerebral Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
10:25

Generation of Standardized and Reproducible Forebrain-type Cerebral Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: January 23, 2018

21.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Human evolution shows a significant increase in brain size relative to body size.
  • While association cortex expansion is notable, evolutionary changes affect all neural systems.
  • Psychological sciences often focus narrowly on cortical evolution, neglecting other brain structures.

Approach:

  • Reviewing current understanding of evolutionary pressures on interconnected neural networks.
  • Examining the diverse principles governing human brain development across networks.
  • Challenging the view of cognition as a conflict between cortical and subcortical/cerebellar systems.

Key Points:

  • Brain evolution is a systemic process, not solely corticocentric.
  • Anatomically and functionally coupled networks are shaped by evolutionary pressures.
  • Developmental rules across neural systems are diverse and complex.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive view of human brain evolution is essential.
  • Network-focused approaches are critical for studying behavior in health and disease.
  • Animal models and theory development should adopt a systems-level perspective.