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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

Published on: September 5, 2019

Interference and filler-gap dependency formation in native and non-native language comprehension.

Hiroki Fujita¹, Ian Cunnings¹

¹School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition

|April 14, 2022

Summary

Native (L1) and non-native (L2) speakers equally use memory retrieval for sentence processing, showing similar susceptibility to interference. This challenges theories suggesting L2 speakers rely less on syntax.

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Area of Science:

Psycholinguistics
Cognitive Neuroscience
Second Language Acquisition

Background:

Debate exists on differences between native (L1) and non-native (L2) sentence processing.
One theory posits L2 processing underuses syntax, relying more on semantics and surface cues.
An alternative theory suggests L1/L2 differences stem from memory retrieval interference susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate filler-gap dependency formation in L1 and L2 language comprehension.
To test susceptibility to similarity-based interference in L1 and L2 speakers.
To evaluate two competing accounts of L1/L2 processing differences.

Main Methods:

Investigated filler-gap dependency formation during sentence comprehension.
Assessed similarity-based interference effects in both L1 and L2 speakers.
Compared retrieval mechanisms between native and non-native language processing.

Main Results:

Both L1 and L2 speakers successfully recovered filler information upon encountering a gap.
Both groups exhibited susceptibility to similarity-based interference during dependency formation.
No significant differences were found between L1 and L2 speakers regarding interference.

Conclusions:

L1 and L2 speakers engage in comparable cue-based memory retrieval during sentence processing.
Findings challenge the notion that L2 speakers underutilize syntactic information.
The study supports a unified model of memory retrieval mechanisms across L1 and L2 comprehension.