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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection
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Graphene based hyperbolic metamaterial for tunable mid-infrared biosensing.

Sarah Cynthia1, Rajib Ahmed2, Sharnali Islam1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh mainul.eee@du.ac.bd.

RSC Advances
|April 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

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This study introduces a novel hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) biosensor utilizing graphene plasmons for highly sensitive, label-free mid-infrared biosensing. The device achieves significant sensitivity improvements over traditional metallic sensors.

Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Mid-infrared (mid-IR) plasmonic biosensors offer label-free detection but face limitations in sensitivity due to poor signal transduction and high optical losses.
  • Metallic plasmonic sensors exhibit low sensitivity in the mid-IR range, hindering their application for detecting small biomolecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly sensitive hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) biosensor leveraging graphene plasmons for mid-IR detection.
  • To enhance biosensing performance by exploiting tunable mid-IR localization of graphene plasmons.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an HMM stack comprising alternating graphene/Al2O3 multilayers on a gold grating with rounded corners.
  • Utilizing finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis to simulate and optimize the biosensor's performance.

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  • Systematic tuning of sensitivity and figure-of-merit (FOM) by adjusting HMM structural parameters and graphene doping levels (Fermi energy).

    • Main Results:

    • The proposed graphene/Al2O3 HMM biosensor demonstrates high sensitivity, achieving up to 4052 nm RIU⁻¹.
    • A figure-of-merit (FOM) of 11.44 RIU⁻¹ was achieved, indicating superior sensing capabilities.
    • The design allows for tunable sensing performance by modifying structural parameters and graphene doping.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed graphene/Al2O3 HMM biosensor offers a promising platform for highly sensitive, label-free detection in the mid-IR region.
    • This technology has potential applications in various fields requiring precise and tunable biosensing.