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Updated: Sep 27, 2025

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Refractive index and formaldehyde sensing with silver nanocubes.

Hemant Ramakant Hegde1, Santhosh Chidangil1, Rajeev K Sinha1

  • 1Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal - 576104 Karnataka India rajeev.sinha@manipal.edu.

RSC Advances
|April 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

We synthesized silver nanocubes using a solvothermal method for sensing applications. These nanocubes show high sensitivity for detecting glucose and formaldehyde in various samples.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Silver nanocubes are promising nanomaterials for optical sensing due to their unique plasmonic properties.
  • Developing efficient synthesis methods for controlled silver nanocube formation is crucial for their application.
  • Accurate detection of analytes like glucose and formaldehyde is important in environmental and food safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize silver (Ag) nanocubes using a sodium sulfide-assisted solvothermal method.
  • To investigate the refractive index sensitivity of the synthesized Ag nanocubes for glucose detection.
  • To evaluate the formaldehyde detection capability of Ag nanocubes in water and milk samples.

Main Methods:

  • Solvothermal synthesis assisted by sodium sulfide to produce Ag nanocubes with controlled edge lengths (32 and 44 nm) at 145-155 °C.

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  • Measurement of refractive index sensitivity using aqueous glucose solutions, determining sensitivity in colloidal dispersion (161 nm/RIU) and on an LSPR chip (116 nm/RIU).
  • Formaldehyde detection utilizing the interaction between immobilized 4-aminothiophenol on Ag nanocubes and formaldehyde, with sensitivity measured in water (0.62 nm/µM) and diluted milk (0.29 nm/µM).

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully synthesized Ag nanocubes with edge lengths of 32 nm and 44 nm via a sodium sulfide-assisted solvothermal route.
    • Achieved high refractive index sensitivity of 161 nm/RIU in colloidal dispersion and 116 nm/RIU on an LSPR chip.
    • Demonstrated formaldehyde detection with sensitivities of 0.62 nm/µM in water and 0.29 nm/µM in diluted milk.

    Conclusions:

    • The sodium sulfide-assisted solvothermal method provides a viable route for synthesizing Ag nanocubes suitable for sensing applications.
    • Synthesized Ag nanocubes exhibit excellent refractive index sensitivity, making them effective for glucose detection.
    • The developed Ag nanocube-based system demonstrates promising capabilities for detecting formaldehyde in real-world samples like water and milk.